For all the rhetoric and difficulties, NORAD continues to represent a highly effective source of North American defence and security. While challenges both persist and emerge, especially as adversaries project competitive ambitions, the United States and Canada continue to discern and act upon opportunities that balance and magnify their defence equities in continental defence. The Arctic, as an evolving operational environment, benefits from the proven history of NORAD and other binational efforts. To that end, Canadians and Americans must continue as determined partners who keep one another accountable as we discern ways to bolster overall effectiveness to defend a North American homeland that is “no longer a sanctuary.”