William W. Smoker

• All publications

Fishery Biologist
American Fisheries Society
1982

I grew up in Alaska in the 1950s-60s, attended Carleton College in the mid-60s (BA), and Oregon State University in the late 60s (MS) and late 70s (PhD). I served on active duty in the US Coast Guard in the early 70s, at sea on Alaska Patrol and in the Office of Marine Environmental Protection. I joined the new UA Fisheries program in Juneau in the late 70s which evolved into part of the present-day CFOS; I served as Director of Fisheries in the 2000s and retired in 2009.

* = student author

Manhard, C.V.*, M.D. Adkison, J.J. Hard, W.W. Smoker, and A.J. Gharrett. 2018. Local adaptation of phenology revealed in outcrosses between spawning segments of a salmonid population. Molecular Ecology 27(23):4698–4710.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14908

Echave,* J.D., C.V. Manhard,* W.W. Smoker, M.D. Adkison, and A.J. Gharrett. 2017. Out crosses between seasonally different segments of a Pacific salmon population reveal local adaptation. Environmental Biology of Fishes 100(11):1469–1481.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0657-3

Manhard,* C.V., J.E. Joyce, W.W. Smoker, and A.J. Gharrett. 2017. Ecological factors influencing lifetime productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in an Alaskan stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74(9):1325-1336.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0335

Gharrett, A.J., J. Joyce,* and W.W. Smoker. 2013. Fine-scale temporal adaptation within a salmonid population: Mechanism and consequences. Molecular Ecology 22(17):4457–4469.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12400

Dann,* T.H., W.W. Smoker, J.J. Hard, and A.J. Gharrett. 2010. Outbreeding depression after two generations of hybridizing Southeast Alaska coho salmon populations? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139:1292–1305.
https://doi.org/10.1577/T09-203.1

Triebenbach,* S.P., W.W. Smoker, B.R. Beckman, and R. Focht. 2009. Compensatory growth after winter food deprivation in hatchery-produced coho salmon and Chinook salmon smolts. North American Journal of Aquaculture 71(4):384–399.
https://doi.org/10.1577/A08-035.1

Wang,* I.A., S.E. Gilk,* W.W. Smoker, and A.J. Gharrett. 2007. Outbreeding effect on embryo development in hybrids of allopatric pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) populations, a potential consequence of stock translocation. Aquaculture 272(S1):S152–S160.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.002

Wessell,* M., W.W. Smoker, and J.E. Joyce. 2006. Variation of morphology among juvenile Chinook salmon of hatchery, hybrid, and wild origin. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135(2):333–340.
https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-078.1

Mobrand, L.E., J. Barr, L. Blankenship, D.E. Campton, T.T.P. Evelyn, T.A. Flagg, C.V.W. Mahnken, L.W. Seeb, P.R. Seidel, and W.W. Smoker. 2005. Hatchery reform in Washington State: Principles and emerging issues. Fisheries Management Feature. Fisheries Magazine 30(6):11–23.
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[11:HRIWS]2.0.CO;2

Wertheimer, A.C., W.W. Smoker, T.L. Joyce, and W.R. Heard. 2001. Comment: a review of the hatchery programs for pink salmon in Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:712–720.
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0712:CAROTH>2.0.CO;2

• Interactions of Hatchery-produced and Wild Salmon
• Fisheries Sustainability Certification
• Salmon Aquaculture

Application of classical breeding experiment designs to the analysis of genetic and environmental variation of life history traits in Pacific salmon--within populations, between populations separated by short and long geographic distances, separated by seasonal timing of spawning, or separated by the genetic isolation of odd- and even-year-maturing pink salmon. Studying outbreeding depression as a measure of the effects of straying and interbreeding of hatchery-bred and wild salmon.

Technology of salmon aquaculture as practiced in the Alaska Salmon Fishery Enhancement program, improving efficiency of production and amelioration of the effects of hatchery salmon on wild populations, including research on tagging and marking, feeding practices, ploidy manipulation, and ecological effects of release strategies.

• No current research projects
• Responsible Fisheries Management program of the Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute (a sustainability certification label for each of Alaska's major fisheries.)
• Science Panel overseeing the Alaska Hatchery Research Project (a multigenerational study of interactions between hatchery and wild salmon in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska.)

• Distinguished Alumnus, Oregon State University Department of Fisheries & Wildlife 2010
• Fellow, American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists 1994
• National Defense Service Medal, United States Coast Guard 1970

• American Fisheries Society
• American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists

• Chair, Fisheries Standards Committee (Conformance Criteria Committee), Alaska Responsible Fishery Ma
• Member, Alaska Hatchery Research Project Science Panel, Juneau. 2011–present
• Member, Hatchery Scientific Review Group, State of Washington. 2000–2008
• Member, Board of Directors, Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation, Cordova. 1994–2016
• Member, Board of Directors, Sitka Sound Science Center, Sitka. 2008–2012
• Member, Independent Science Review Panel, Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Portland. 1999–2